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class="NyNewsdetail_title">酸性高錳酸鹽指數的檢測原理及實(shí)驗</h1> <div id="isiaimgcige" class="NyNewsdetail_tips">更新時(shí)間：2022-07-18 點(diǎn)擊次數：1914</div> <div id="isiaimgcige" class="NyNewsdetail_con"> <p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鹽指數是指在酸性或堿性介質(zhì)中，以高錳酸鉀為氧化劑，處理水樣時(shí)所消耗的量，以氧的</span>mg/L<span style="font-family:宋體">來(lái)表示。水中的亞硝酸鹽、亞鐵氧、硫化物等還原性無(wú)機物和在此條件下可被氧化的有機物，均可消耗高錳酸鉀。因此，高錳酸鉀指數常被氧化的有機物，均可消耗高錳酸鉀。因此，高錳酸鹽指數常被作為地表水體受有機物染物和還原性無(wú)機物質(zhì)污染程度的綜合指標。我國規定了環(huán)境水質(zhì)的高錳酸鹽指數的標準。高錳酸鹽指數，亦被稱(chēng)之為化學(xué)需氧量的高錳酸鉀法。由于在規定條件下，水中有機物只能部分被氧化，并不是理論上的需氧量，也不是反映水體中總有機物含量的尺度。因此，用高錳酸鹽指數這一術(shù)語(yǔ)作為水質(zhì)的一項指標，以有別于重鉻酸鉀法的化學(xué)需氧量</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體">應用于工業(yè)廢水</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，更符合客觀(guān)實(shí)際。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">為了避免</span>Cr(VI)<span style="font-family:宋體">的二次污染，日本、德國等也用高錳酸鹽作為氧化劑測定廢水中的化學(xué)需氧量，但其相應的排放標準也篇嚴格。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">1<span style="font-family:宋體">、酸性高錳酸鹽指數適用范圍</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">酸性法適用于氯離子含量不超過(guò)</span>300mg/L<span style="font-family:宋體">的水樣。當水樣的高錳酸鹽指數值超過(guò)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">10mg/L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">時(shí)，則酌情分取少量試樣，并用水稀釋后再進(jìn)行測定。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">2<span style="font-family:宋體">、酸性高錳酸鹽指數原理</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">水樣加入硫酸使呈酸性后，加入一定量的高錳酸鉀溶液，并在沸水浴中加熱反應一定時(shí)間。剩余的高錳酸鉀，用草酸鉀溶液還原并加入過(guò)量，在用高錳酸鉀溶液回滴過(guò)量草酸鈉，通過(guò)計算求出高錳酸鹽指數值。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">顯然，高錳酸鹽指數是一個(gè)相對的條件性指標，其測定結果與溶液的酸度、高錳酸鹽濃度、加熱溫度和時(shí)間有關(guān)。因此，測定時(shí)嚴格遵守操作規定，使結果具可比性。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">3<span style="font-family:宋體">、高錳酸鹽指數試劑及儀器</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(1)<span style="font-family:宋體">試劑</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">①</span><span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀貯備液</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(1/5KMnO4=0.Imol/L)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">稱(chēng)取</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">3.2g</span><span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀溶于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">1.2L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">水中，加熱煮沸，使體積減少到約</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">1L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，在暗處放置過(guò)夜，用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">G3</span><span style="font-family:宋體">玻璃砂芯漏斗過(guò)濾后，濾液貯于棕色瓶中保存。使用前用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.1000mo1/L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">的草酸鈉標準貯備液標定，求得實(shí)際濃度。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">②</span><span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀使用液</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(1/5KMn04=0.0lmol/L)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">吸取一定量的上述高錳酸鉀溶液，用水稀釋至</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">1000mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，并調節至</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.0lmol/L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">準確濃度，貯于棕色瓶中。使用當天應進(jìn)行標定。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">③(1-}3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">硫酸配制時(shí)趁熱滴加高錳酸鉀溶液至呈微紅色。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">④</span><span style="font-family:宋體">草酸鈉標準貯備液</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(1/2Na2C2O4-0.1000mo1/L)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">稱(chēng)取</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.6705g</span><span style="font-family:宋體">在</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">105</span><span style="font-family:宋體">一</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">110°C</span><span style="font-family:宋體">烘干</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">1h</span><span style="font-family:宋體">并冷卻的優(yōu)級純草酸鈉溶于水，移人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">100mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">容量瓶中，用水稀釋至標線(xiàn)。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">⑤</span><span style="font-family:宋體">草酸鈉標準使用液</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(1/2Na2C2O4=0.0l00mo1/L)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">吸取</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">10.00mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">上述草酸鈉溶液并移人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">100mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">容量瓶中，用水稀釋至標線(xiàn)。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋體">儀器</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">:</span><span style="font-family:宋體">沸水浴裝置</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">;250mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">錐形瓶</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">;50mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">酸式滴定管</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">;</span><span style="font-family:宋體">定時(shí)鐘。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">實(shí)驗分析步驟</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(1)<span style="font-family:宋體">分取</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">100mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">混勻水樣</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(</span><span style="font-family:宋體">如高錳酸鹽指數高于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">10mg/I_</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，則酌情少取，并用水稀釋于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">100mL)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">250mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">錐形瓶中。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(2)<span style="font-family:宋體">加人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">5mL(1+3)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">硫酸，混勻。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(3) <span style="font-family:宋體">加人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">10.00mL0.0lmol/L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀溶液，搖勻，立即放人沸水浴中加熱</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">30min(</span><span style="font-family:宋體">從水浴重新沸騰起計時(shí)</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">。沸水浴液面高于反應溶液的液面。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(4)<span style="font-family:宋體">取下錐形瓶，趁熱加人</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">10.00mL0.0lmol/L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">草酸鈉標準溶液，搖勻。立即用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.01mol/L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀溶液滴定至顯微紅色，記錄高錳酸鉀溶液消耗量。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">(5)<span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀溶液濃度的標定</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">:</span><span style="font-family:宋體">將上述已滴定完畢的溶液加熱至約</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">70°C</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，準確加入</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">10.00mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">草酸鈉標準溶液</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(0.0l00mo1/L)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">，再用</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">0.01mol/L</span><span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀溶液滴定至顯微紅色。記錄高錳酸鉀溶液的消耗量，按下式求得高錳酸鉀溶液的校正系數</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">(K)</span><span style="font-family:宋體">。</span></span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"> </span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px"><span style="font-family:宋體">式中</span>V-<span style="font-family:宋體">高錳酸鉀溶液消耗量，</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">mol.</span><span style="font-family:宋體">若水樣經(jīng)稀釋時(shí)，應同時(shí)另取</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">100mL</span><span style="font-family:宋體">水，同水樣操作步驟進(jìn)行空白試驗。</span></span></p><p><br/></p> </div> <div id="isiaimgcige" class="ly_PrevNext"> <ul> <li>上一篇：<a href="/Article-3076124.html">如何采集和保存COD水樣的指南</a></li> <li>下一篇：<a href="/Article-3076106.html">COD快速測定儀研發(fā)生產(chǎn)</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>   <div id="isiaimgcige" class="ly_foot"> <div id="isiaimgcige" class="ly_Ftmain"> <div id="isiaimgcige" class="ly_FtLeft"> <div id="isiaimgcige" class="Ft_nav"><a href="/">首頁(yè)</a><a href="/aboutus.html" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">關(guān)于我們</a><a href="/products.html" 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